The way in which Alzheimer’s disease affects communication will vary with each person. The person with dementia may find it increasingly difficult to express himself in words, and have trouble understanding what has been said. Those who interact with the person may recognize some of the following changes:

• Difficulty finding the right words
• Using familiar words repeatedly
• Inventing new words to describe familiar objects
• Easily losing train of thought
• Difficulty organizing words logically
• Using curse words
• Relying on nonverbal gestures more often

Keep in mind that a variety of physical conditions and medications can also effect a person’s communication. Be sure to check with a physician when you notice significant changes..

Communicating with a person affected by Alzheimer’s disease requires patience and understanding. First and foremost, you must be a good listener. When helping the person communicate:

• Be patient and supportive.
• Show your interest.
• Offer assistance, comfort and reassurance.
• Allow enough time for a response.
• Avoid criticizing or correcting.
• Don’t argue.
• Limit your distractions.
• Encourage him/her to communicate nonverbally.
• When communicating with a person with Alzheimer’s, words must be chosen carefully. To enhance your interactions, try some of the following techniques.
• Identify yourself—Always approach the person from the front and avoid sudden movements. Maintain eye contact.
• Address the person by name—This is not only courteous, but also helps orient him/her and get his/her attention
• Use short, simple, familiar words and sentences—Speak concisely and keep to the point.
• Talk slowly and clearly—Be aware of speed and clarity when speaking.
• Give one-step directions—Break tasks and instructions into clear, simple steps, giving one step at a time.
• Patiently wait for a response—Give him/her the time and encouragement he needs to respond.
• Repeat information or questions—If he/she doesn’t respond, wait a moment and ask again.
• Avoid pronouns—Instead of saying “Here it is” try “Here is your hat.”

For the Hearing Impaired
When communicating with someone who is hearing impaired:

• Approach him/her from the front.
• Stand directly in front of the person when speaking to him/her.
• Speak slowly and clearly, and use a lower tone voice.
• Use nonverbal communication such as pointing, or gesturing.
• If he/she has a hearing aid, encourage him/her to wear it and check the battery often.

For the Visually Impaired
When communicating with someone who is visually impaired:

• Avoid starling him/her.
• Identify yourself as you approach him/her.
• Inform him/her of your intentions before you proceed.
• Use large print or audiotape materials if available.
• Avoid loud noises or sudden movements.
• If he has glasses, encourage him to wear them, keep them clean, and check the prescription regularly.